Hydropower is a renewable clean energy，and China is rich in water resources which have great potential for hydropower development. By game payoff matrix，evolutionary game analysis is conducted between ecological environment and developers of hydropower development project and the analysis shows that the optimal stability point or strategy for successful development of hydropower project is low cost of developers and low cost of ecological environment remediation. China should perfect ecological environment compensation system， realize harmonious development between hydropower development project and ecological environment，broaden financing channel for hydropower development projects，enhance government support，strengthen development management of hydropower project，and push forward ordered development of hydropower projects.