Since reform and opening up，with the rapid development of urbanization， the change of governmental ruling ideas and the change of China’s population situation，China’s floating population policy changes a lot，especially social protection policy for the floating population undergoes the evolution from none to existence and then to gradual perfection，the social protection policy system for the floating population is basically formed by taking social security as the basis，by taking housing guarantee as support and by taking other welfare as supplement，however，there are many difficulties and dilemmas in the implementation of the related social protection policies under the income-based ideology，furthermore，asset-based ideology provides a good advice for solving the problem in social protection of floating population. The asset-based ideology emphasizes the building and accumulation of individual assets，pays attention to the top design of institution and policy as well as perfected policy-matched system and concerns about multi-sector policy on comprehensive education，employment，entrepreneurship，health，medicare and so on. China should build the asset-based social protection policy system by taking establishment of individual or family account as the basis，by taking the realization of free flow of individual account as the breakthrough，by taking the raising of individual account management capacity as the key，by enhancement of individual asset building as important point and by taking the perfection of matched policies as guarantee.