离农农民退出承包地影响因素分析——基于河南、湖南、四川和重庆1086农户的实证研究
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Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Contracted-land Withdrawal of the Farmers Who Left the Countryside—Empirical Research Based on 1086 Households in Henan, Hunan, Sichuan and Chongqing
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    摘要:

    有序推进离农农民市民化并逐步退出其承包地,是促进新型工业化、信息化、城镇化和农业现代化协同发展的重要环节。根据Logistic模型对河南、湖南、四川和重庆4省市1 086离农农户的调查数据,分析表明:寻求最大化经济补偿收益及对更高生活品质的追求,是离农农民退出承包地的两大动力引擎;离农农民退地意愿和行为受退地过程中产生的直接成本和间接成本约束;离农农民非农收入水平及社会保障水平的提高,将对农民退地进城产生促进作用;对退地后工作稳定程度及生活状况的预期,是离农农民考量退地风险的主要因素。因此,不但要消除“城乡二元制度性壁垒”,还必须消除“城乡二元经济性壁垒”;户籍制度改革和农村土地制度改革必须考虑农民退出土地的意愿,要充分保障退地农民的权益,切实降低退地风险;要加强保障性住房建设,加大购房补贴力度,以降低离农农民的退地进城成本;应加强农民就业培训,完善社会保障体系,不断提高离农农民的退地能力。此外,还要建立传统身份农民退出与职业农民进入的联动承接机制,以实现农业现代化。

    Abstract:

    The important step for boosting coordinative development of new-style industrialization, informationalization, urbanization and agricultural modernization is to systematically propel the citizenization of the farmers who left the countryside and by letting the famers gradually quit their contracted land. According to Logistic Model and the survey data on 1086 households who left the countryside in Henan, Hunan, Sichuan and Chongqing, the analysis shows that two big engines for the farmers to quit their contracted land are to seek maximum economic compensation and to pursue higher living quality, that the willingness and behaviors for the farmers to quit their contracted land are restricted by direct cost and indirect cost produced in the process of the land withdrawal, that the increase of non-agricultural income and social security level of the farmers can boost the land withdrawal, and that the prospect for working stability and living condition improvement after the land quitting is the main factor for the farmers to consider the land quitting. Thus, China should not only get rid of “urban and rural dual system barrier” but also remove “urban and rural dual economic barrier”, must consider the willingness of the farmers to quit their contracted land in household register system reform and rural land system reform, should sufficiently protect the rights of the farmers who quit their contracted land, should practically reduce the risk for the land quitting, should consolidate low-rent housing construction and enhance apartment-buying subsidy to decrease the cost for the farmer citizenization, should boost the employment training for the farmers, should promote the establishment of social security system and should constantly improve the ability of the farmers, besides, should build the associated mechanism for traditional farmers’ land withdrawal and for professional farmers’ acceptance of the quitted land, in order to realize agricultural modernization.

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张学敏,刘惠君.离农农民退出承包地影响因素分析——基于河南、湖南、四川和重庆1086农户的实证研究[J].西部论坛,2013,23(2):1-10

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