Carbon finance development derives from low carbon economy development, and carbon finance has gradually become a hot research topic in academic circle. With the deepening and development of low carbon economy, large scale and internationalization level of international carbon finance market is constantly raised, carbon finance business of commercial banks is continuously innovating and expanding, the understanding of the concepts and attributes of“carbon finance”at home and abroad is in the trend of scientificalness and perfection. With regard to the practice of carbon finance, current research on the theory of carbon finance is significantly lags behind, there is no a systematic theory system, there are few empirical researches, as a result, there is short of sufficient theoretical support for rapid development of carbon finance business. China’s carbon finance theory research lags behind developed countries, thus, China should deepen the recognition to the connotation and extension of carbon finance theory, build a series of theoretical system suitable for China’s reality in order to provide scientific basis for sustainable development of carbon finance based on China’s reality and general law of global carbon finance practice summarized, enhance specific research in local and micro carbon finance field, and establish scientific and reasonable indicator, evaluation, pre-warning and management system for controlling carbon finance risk.