In the process of the formation of China’s poverty alleviation development system, because of path dependence of system evolution and regional particularity, the poverty alleviation system evolution in minority nationalities areas is relatively slow, however, governmental role in poverty alleviation for the areas is stronger than for other poverty areas, plus the defect of principal-agent system in the poverty alleviation, the efficiency of the poverty alleviation is relatively lower, meanwhile, the evolution of the poverty alleviation system in the minority nationalities areas is largely coercive evolution, did not undergo the changing process from inducing evolution to coercive evolution, furthermore, the evolution of formal system has large conflict with informal system, which makes the suitability of the poverty alleviation system evolution be relatively lower. China should accelerate the speed of the poverty alleviation development system evolution in minority nationalities areas, guide and encourage inducing system evolution, enhance the combination of inducing system evolution and coercive system evolution, optimize principal-agent system in the poverty alleviation development and realize the unification of“rights, responsibility and interests”to raise the efficiency of the poverty alleviation.