This paper makes statistical analysis of 48 listed companies of China’s retail industry, uses factor analysis method to evaluate the growth of the listed companies of retail industry from such perspectives as profitability, liability capacity, operation capacity and development capacity, and the results show that there is big difference between the listed companies of China’s retail industry, that their equity debt ratio is overall high, that chained business is the development trend of the retail industry, that profitability factor has the most contribution to the growth of the listed companies of retail industry, the second is growth factor, and that the growth of the listed companies of China’s retail industry should be promoted by such three aspects as profitability, long-term debt payment capacity and operation capacity.