Developed countries and developing countries have a lot of controversies about historical responsibility for carbon emissions and the task for carbon emission reduction, which make international cooperation mechanism uncertain for international carbon emission reduction responding to global climate change. This paper constructs an international panel data model to analyze the influence of carbon dioxide emission on economic growth in 32 developed countries and 17 developing countries during 1971—2009, the results show that the income elasticity coefficient of carbon emissions is increasing, that the income elasticity coefficient of carbon emission in developed countries is continuously bigger than that of developing countries, that the developed countries have not strictly fulfilled the obligation for carbon emission reduction, meanwhile, dual policy under “Kyoto Protocol” has not made abnormal transfer of industry. Based on economic development rights owned by each country, it is unfair to require developing countries for taking carbon emission reduction obligation currently, the income elasticity coefficient of carbon emission should be used to evaluate carbon emission reduction effects of each country.