Since the founding of new China, anti-poverty in China has made great success and made great contribution to anti-poverty program of the world. In China, the institutional design of anti-poverty is based on the assumption of “moral man”, which cause that the administrative behaviors in the process of anti-poverty are not supervised, which lead to the lack of democracy and which decrease the performance of anti-poverty. Under the impact of market economy, the institutional design based on “moral man” has chucked away the explaining function because of all kinds of improper and corruption behaviors in the process of anti-poverty, so introducing the attribute of “economic man” assumption into governmental anti-poverty becomes necessary. Currently, it is important to establish and complete anti-poverty performance evaluation system, anti-poverty participation system and anti-poverty power restriction in order to further normalize anti-poverty behaviors. 