Consumption economic theory is limited to explain the consumption behavior of rural residents, this paper attempts to analyze the consumption behavior of peasant household with the research perspective and its results from farmers economics, economic anthropology and farmers sociology. The paper holds that the economic behavior characteristics consist of the unification of production and consumption, unification of marketing action and non-marketing action, economic behavior of social attributes and so on. Thus, it explains the peasant household consumption behavior from expense economic theory, traditional consumer ethics, social consumption behavior based on village community and favor consumption behavior based on blood relationship.