The author in this article analyzes that economic quantity has been increased and economic structure has been op timized withthe back of national debt policy since Grand Development to theWest of China. But there are such p roblems as the ineffective use ofN. D funds, the difficult returned N. D funds which is re - loaned, the possible risks brought by large scale of N. D, and the funds shortened for the fading out positive fiscal policy. Some conclusions are reached that N. D will be still the op timal choice sustaining GDWC in the near future after the fading out of positive policy; N. D re - loan system be reformed and local government debt be allowed in these regions where there are necessary conditions, and takingmeasures to p revent and control the debt risk.