Overall urban and rural development is at the first p lace in the“five balances”, which is decided by China ’s special characteristics. For China’s building of a harmonious society, the regional develop ing gap based on the urban - rural dual structure is the greatest challenge. Overall urban and rural developmentwill be the effective measures of building a harmonious society in China’s national strategy to achieve the long - term stability of the whole society. Chongqing and Chengdu being the experimental zone of national overall urban and rural development shows that the west part of China has the conditions and capability to do so.