Since in 1961 when Japanese national annuity system was built, the peasants have been included in endowment insurance system. Japan realized national annuity, and turned national annuity into the common part of every kind of pension, and solves the problem of the independence of every kind of pension, and then has vertical endowment insurance system with the characteristics of the multiple-pillars. Currently, China faces the social problems such as population aging, urbanization, the big gap between the urban and the rural areas and so on, which is similar to the situation of Japan in 1961, thus, the experience in the process of founding and reforming the rural endowment insurance system of Japan has enlightenment on China.