The ecological footprint model is a good tool to measure sustainable development and can objectively show the status quo of sustainable development. Comparison of per capita ecological footprint and per capita ecological bearing capacity of Shaanxi Province during 1999-2005 finds that the economic and social development of Shaanxi Province has ecological deficit and that the development of Shaanxi is at the price of excessive exploitation of resources and, especially, that the excessive exploitation of reproducing resources such as grassland and non-reproducing resources such as coal, petroleum and natural gas is worse.