Government is the main body of the collection of the endowment insurance funds in China but the responsibilities of the government are not fully fulfilled and there still exists some government failure. And government failure, beyond all doubt, is one important cause for the failure of the collection of the endowment insurance funds. In the field of the collection of endowment insurance funds, government failure can be concluded as the deviation of government policy, the " rent-seeking" and " corruption" of some departments of the government, which represses the activity of the payment of endowment insurance fees and the unreasonable right distribution of government departments leads to the inefficient collection of endowment insurance fees. According to the failure, the most effective method is to use lawful mechanism to change government duties.