Peasants who go out to work in the cities increased their income,which is helpful to removing poverty,and becoming rich in rural areas and,meanwhile,has negative effect on rural land management and retaining population.Based on surveying a village,which has a great deal of floating population in ChongQing,this paper describes and analyzes the impact of labor migration on local retaining population by means of case study,and tries to discuss how to focus on rural retaining wives,children,old people,which is necessary to be solved for constructing rural harmonious society.