Establishing a sound system of social security is the essential program to deepen reform,stablize society and bring peace and stability to the country.The current social security system in China's west is not sound and the system does not cover farmers. It does not meet the requirement for developing an all-round well-off society. Improving the social security system in China's west need to establish the resident minimum life guarantee of towns and cities,to perfect system of social security together with cultivating capital market,to establish individual account of social security,to establish the relationship between social regulation and personal account,to mould reasonable benefit mechanism,to reduce moral risk,to guarantee the value increment of the fund of social security,to consider the rural and urban regions as a whole in establishing the social security system and lay solid foundation for the development of urbanization.