The labor force scale and employment status are significantly different in the countries along “the Belt and Road”. Many countries rich in labor resources are facing the problem of aging labor force, and the transferring speed of rural and agricultural labor force are continuing to decline. Because of the various processes of industrialization in different countries, their industrial labor structures are obviously different, the education level, education quality and technological innovation ability in different countries along “the Belt and Road” have obvious hierarchy, the level of wages and social security are enhancing along with the growth of human capital, but their growth rate and the relationship with education and labor skills are different. Due to the difference in labor market institution system and risk management ability, the risk of the labor markets is different, however, the growth of international trade, FDI and international labor flow bring development opportunities to the countries along “the Belt and Road”, therefore, the labor flow between countries and regions may help to achieve the balanced development of industrial output and employment. Due to the coexistence of the advantages and disadvantages in the perspective of quantity and structure of labor market of China, China should actively promote the reform of the labor market system, optimize human resources structure by taking the advantage of “the Belt and Road” construction, promote the quality of the labor force, actively boost the regional integration of labor market, and make labor resources better serve the construction of “the Belt and Road”.