Financial industry development is divided into scale generating stage and profit generating stage, this paper sets up the network DEA model (NSBM）considering the slack variable, uses China 2004-2015 provincial panel data, analyzes the evolution trend of financial industry development efficiency of different regions and its regional difference, and uses the panel TOBIT model to examine the main influential factors of regional financial industry development efficiency. The analysis shows that China’s financial industry development efficiency generally demonstrates the regional distribution pattern with “higher efficiency in the east and lower efficiency in the west”, which is basically fitting for economic development pattern, that the Gini coefficient of financial development efficiency is lowering year by year, that regional difference convergence is obvious, that influenced by the development stage and capital return rate, in many regions, financial industry scale generating stage efficiency is not high but the efficiency in profit generating stage is relatively high, that there is significantly positive correlation of per capita GDP, industrial structure, marketization degree and government intervention with the comprehensive efficiency of financial industry and the efficiency in scale generating stage, but only industrial structure has significantly positive impact on the efficiency in profit generating stage, however, the financial crowding effect has negative influence of financial resource abundance on financial industry development efficiency. Therefore, the each region of China should implement the financial reform and development strategies with appropriate self-development stage and self-resource endowment, actively promote financial industry development method change from scale-expansion to efficiency improvement and help narrow the regional financial sector efficiency gap.