This paper evaluates the effects of the transformation and upgrading of the implementation of the western development strategy from such two aspects as technological progress and the ecological environment protection by using synthetic control method. The analysis results show that in the perspective of technological progress, since the implementation of western development strategy, the overall TFP in the west region is higher than that of synthetic western region, that the TFP average yearly growth rate of the western region during 2000—2013 is also higher than that of synthetic western region, that the implementation of western development strategy boosts TFP growth in the western region on the whole, furthermore, in the perspective of ecological environment, the waste gas emission intensity in western region is lower than the synthetic western regions since 2005, that waste water discharge in the western region is lower than that of synthetic western region since 2010, however, the emission intensity of solid waste is persistently higher than that of synthetic western region, that the implementation of western development strategy has positive and negative impact on the ecological environment in western region, as a whole, the impact is positive. By further considering the factors such as the externality of ecological environment, the strategic implementation of Middle Rise and Northeast Old Industrial Site Promotion and so on, the implementation of western development strategy has boosting effect on the transformation and upgrading of the economic development in western region.