This paper synthetically measures the spatial difference and development trend of industrial energy efficiency in Yangtze River Economic Belt during 1999—2013 by using the index of energy intensity, discrete coefficient and Moran’s Index and studies the influential factors of industrial energy influence factor based on panel tobit model. Analysis result shows that the spatial pattern of industrial energy efficiency emerges gradient inter-provincial difference from the downstream to upstream, that the trend of spatial difference has been changed from divergence to convergence, that inter-provincial industrial energy shows spatial agglomeration character, that the industrial energy efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is positively related to economic development level, regional industrial structure, government influence, power consumption structure and R&D investment but is negatively related to energy demand structure and coal consumption structure and is dimly related to economic opening level. In order to increase industrial energy efficiency, the economic belt at the up reaches of the Yangtze River must raise the proportion of R&D investment to national economy, the regions at the down reaches of the Yangtze River should accelerate the optimization upgrade of energy consumption structure, however, the regions at the middle reaches of the Yangtze River have big upholding potential of industrial energy efficiency because their industrial energy efficiency is significantly affected by energy demand structure.