The board and supervisor have a very important influence on the performance of the developing farmer cooperative because it stays at the initial stage. This paper constructs a theoretical model to analyze the influence of the board and supervisor on the farmer cooperative performance based on SCP analysis paradigm and by using social survey data of fruit and vegetable cooperative above provincial level of China. The result shows that a certain size of the board of directors can improve the cooperative profit margin, that the proportion of shares held by the Director can also improve the cooperative profit margin but will decrease the amount of patronage return, that the improvement of transaction volume of the members of board and supervisor can improve the amount of profit margin and patronage return, that the growth of the number of board meeting is not conducive to the promotion of cooperative profit margin. Therefore, it is needed to maintain a reasonable size of the board and supervisor, to allow the director holding a reasonable share, to attract farmers engaged in professional management and large scale into the management of the board, to make decision on production and management matters in multi-way, and to reduce the less efficient meetings without purpose.