The promotion of regional industrial restructure and the upgrading and the optimization of industrial regional structure play the key role in enhancing the sustainable development capacity of Chinese industry and changing local economic development mode. Since the implementation of “the Eleventh Five-year Plan”， Chinese industrial economic regional structure develops towards balance and coordination in general but meanwhile faces many problems and challenges including the extension of heavy industrialization trend，low-level expansion and repetitive construction of industry in spatial allocation，low industrial agglomeration degree，extensive regional industrial growth mode，and so on. Under new situation，especially in the face of more and more serious constraint of resources and environment，the optimization of industrial economic regional structure can be realized by enhancing plan guidance and policy support，by actively guiding industrial transfer，by accelerating the restructure and upgrading of regional industry，by setting up and perfecting regional cooperative and coordinative mechanism and so on.