In the rapid process of China’s industrialization and urbanization, rural youth and prime large-scale migrate to cities, whose result has deep impact on the rural population structure. According to “age-rate of migration” theory, by using the data of the fifth census in 2000, one percent population spot-check in 2005 and China Population and Employment Statistics Yearbook 2009, the degree of the influence of China’s rural-urban population migration on rural population age structure and rural aging is calculated and the results show that rural-urban population migration deepens rural population aging degree, which will have huge impact on rural traditional old-age care system and which will further result in the supply-demand imbalance of rural old-age care resources. China should accelerate reform of rural old-age care system, improve the supply capacity for rural social old-age care resources to complement the runoff and deficiency of rural traditional family old-age care resources supply.