The rationalization and optimization of agricultural structure is a systematic ergineering and its path depends on coordination of agricultural structure change. Since the reform and open to outside world, the coordination of agricultural structurre change in the southwest areas is promoted but its whole level is not high and its development is not balanced. Especially, un-coordination of agricultural labor force change increases. Southwest agriculture must increase investment, break through the bottleneck fo un - coordination of labor force change, follow the basic direction of pre- agricultural production, middle - agricultural production and post- agricultural production of modern agriculture, promote agricultural structure change coordination and promote the rationalization and optimization of sourhwest agricultural structure in order to make southwest agriculture reach a new stage.