Abstract:In 1957, Ma Yinchu put forward "New Population Theory" which was criticized next year. The population of China increased from six hundred million in the 1950s to one billion in the 1970s. The population increased nearly 50 percent in 20 years. The increase in population in that period has become great hindrance of Chinese society. How to manage Chinese old - aged population and how to manage the situation that the urban offspring decreases and rural offspring increases become a problem. The ratio of Chinese male and female will reach 133 to 100, which will results in thirty million to fifty million singles. Serious population problem has become the hindrance of Chinese economic development. By analyzing Chinese human resources and by analyzing the contradiction between population and employment, this paper makes suggestions for reasonable use of human resources.