| 摘要: |
| 人力资本结构高级化不仅能促进技术进步，推动节能减排技术的创新和应用，还能加速生产模式和消费模式的绿色化转型，提升能源利用效率和使用结构，从而提升碳排放效率。利用我国30个省份2003—2022年的面板数据，采用向量夹角法测算人力资本结构高级化程度，运用非径向方向距离函数模型（NDDF）评估碳排放效率，通过双向固定效应模型考察人力资本结构高级化对碳排放效率的影响，结果表明：人力资本结构高级化显著提升了地区碳排放效率，这种提升效应能够通过促进技术创新和优化能源消费结构两条渠道来实现；人力资本结构高级化对地区碳排放效率的提升效应在技术水平较高、市场化程度较高、环境规制强度较高的地区显著，但在技术水平较低、市场化程度较低、环境规制强度较低的地区不显著。因此，应积极推动人力资本结构高级化，促进低碳技术创新，优化能源消费结构，加快市场化进程，完善环境规制，充分发挥人力资本结构高级化对碳排放效率的提升作用。 |
| 关键词: 人力资本结构高级化 碳排放效率 技术创新 能源消费结构 市场化程度 环境规制 |
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| The Lifting Effect of Human Capital Structure Upgrading on Carbon Emission Efficiency |
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YAO Li-ting, PENG Xiang, ZHANG Yi1,2,3
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1. China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China;2. School of Finance, Chongqing Finance and Economics College, Chongqing 401320, China;3. Chongqing Tuqiang Engineering Technology Consulting Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401121, China
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| Abstract: |
| In recent years, green and low-carbon transformation has become a core imperative for promoting high-quality economic development, with improving carbon emission efficiency serving as a critical pathway. In this context, human capital—as a fundamental driver of development—should contribute significantly to enhancing carbon emission efficiency through the upgrading of its structural composition. However, while existing literature extensively investigates the relationship between aggregate human capital and carbon emissions, systematic research on how the upgrading of human capital structure affects carbon emission efficiency remains limited. In particular, there is a lack of in-depth analysis of the intrinsic transmission mechanisms and heterogeneous effects through which such structural changes influence carbon emission efficiency. This study measures the provincial-level upgrading of human capital structure using the vector angle method and evaluates carbon emission efficiency through the non-radial directional distance function (NDDF) model to examine the impact of human capital structure upgrading on carbon emission efficiency. Empirical results indicate that human capital structure upgrading significantly improves carbon emission efficiency across regions. Specifically, this effect operates primarily through channels such as fostering technological innovation and optimizing the energy consumption structure. Furthermore, regional technological capability, the degree of marketization, and the intensity of environmental regulation can amplify the positive impact of human capital structure upgrading on carbon emission efficiency. Compared to prior research, this paper offers three marginal contributions. First, it integrates human capital structure upgrading and carbon emission efficiency into a unified analytical framework, exploring pathways to improve carbon emission efficiency from the perspective of human capital structure advancement. Second, regarding mechanisms, it employs parallel multiple mediation analysis combined with the Bootstrap method to test whether human capital structure upgrading improves regional carbon emission efficiency through technological innovation and energy consumption structure optimization. This approach deepens the understanding of the intrinsic relationship between human capital structure upgrading and carbon emission efficiency. Third, given that the effect of human capital structure upgrading on carbon emission efficiency is moderated by marketization level, regional technology, and environmental regulation, this study further examines their roles in this relationship. These findings offer significant policy implications. This research partially unveils the intrinsic mechanisms through which human capital structure optimization drives carbon emission efficiency improvement. It provides a basis for policymakers to design targeted talent development and green transition synergy policies under the “Dual Carbon” goals framework. Additionally, it offers differentiated policy guidance for provinces at varying development stages to enhance the alignment between human capital and low-carbon technologies, thereby better leveraging human capital structure upgrading to serve regional green and low-carbon development. |
| Key words: human capital structure upgrading carbon emission efficiency technological innovation energy consumption structure degree of marketization environmental regulation |
