农民组织化经营会降低农村劳动力转移的选择性吗?——基于技能—岗位匹配模型的理论分析与中国经验
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Can Farmer Organization Management Decrease the Selection of Rural Labor Transfer?: Theoretical Analysis and China’s Experience Based on Skill-Post Matching Model
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    摘要:

    在农村劳动力数量和质量“双重剩余”的情况下,非农部门的高质量发展可能引发农村劳动力非农转移产生对高技能劳动力的选择性,不利于农业部门的人力资本积累。基于技能—岗位匹配模型的分析表明,在技能—岗位正向排序匹配条件下,农民组织化经营可以通过提高农业部门的岗位复杂度为原本“技能剩余”的农村劳动提供有效的技能—岗位匹配,进而缓解高技能农村劳动力的过度流失,降低农村劳动力非农转移的选择性。采用2012、2014和2016年“中国劳动力动态调查”数据的分析显示,目前中国农村劳动力非农转移确实存在对高技能劳动力的选择性,而农民合作社的组建也确实能通过提升高技能劳动力在农业部门内部的技能—岗位匹配效率抑制其非农转移行为,进而降低农村劳动力非农转移的选择性。因此,在非农部门向高质量发展转型的同时,农业部门也应通过组织化经营等途径实现高质量发展。在促进农民合作社发展过程中,应注意适度提高岗位复杂度,并保障技能—岗位的正向排序匹配和匹配效率报酬的实现,以有效降低农村劳动力非农转移的选择性,促进农村人力资本的积累和结构优化。

    Abstract:

    Under the condition of “double” surplus of the quantity and quality of rural labors, the high quality development of non-agricultural sector may trigger the choice of high skill labors generated by non-agricultural transfer of rural labors and is not conducive to human capital accumulation of agricultural sector. The analysis based on skill-post matching model shows that under the condition of skill-post positive sorting matching, farmer organization management can provide effective skill-post matching for rural labors by promoting post complexity of agricultural sector as original “skill surplus”, and further mitigate the excessive runoff of high skill rural labors so as to decrease the selection of non-agricultural transfer of rural labors. Based on the data of China Labor Force Dynamic Survey (CLDS) in 2012, in 2014 and in 2016, the analysis reveals that present China’s non-agricultural transfer of rural labors really has the selection for high skill labors, however, the construction of farmer cooperatives can really inhibit their non-agricultural transfer behavior by promoting skill-post matching efficiency of high skill labors in the agricultural sector and further decrease the selection of non-agricultural transfer of rural labors. Thus, agricultural sector should realize high quality development by the method of organization management and so on while non-agricultural sectors transform into high quality development. In the process of boosting farmer cooperative development, we should appropriately pay attention to promoting post complexity, and ensure the implementation of skill-post positive sorting matching and its matching efficiency reward in order to effectively decrease the selection of non-agricultural transfer of rural labors and boost the accumulation and structure optimization of rural human capital.

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文华,蒋选.农民组织化经营会降低农村劳动力转移的选择性吗?——基于技能—岗位匹配模型的理论分析与中国经验[J].西部论坛,2020,30(4):69-83

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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-07-29