China’s urban system is increasingly connected with the world, therefore, it is necessary to examine the new features of China’s urban system from a global perspective. From the perspective of urban competitiveness, this paper calculates the global connectivity of 292 cities in China to 1,007 cities worldwide based on the gravity model. The study finds that the difference of the global competence of China’s cities is bigger, China’s urban system does not have a flattening trend and most cities have low global connections; China’s urban system has formed a multi-center new structure consisting of 68 central cities, but most of the central cities have weak capacity of radiation and lack of agglomeration; China’s urban system has emerged a new class of urban clusters radiated by the central cities. There coexist both multi-center urban agglomerations and single-center urban agglomerations, there are three-shape urban structures such as “spindle-type cities”, “dumbbell-type cities” and “pyramidal-type cities”. The urban agglomeration development becomes the real shape and the main boosting capacity of China’s urban system evolution. Therefore, China should sufficiently let central cities play a role in their diffusion and aggregation, use the integrated development of the internal urban agglomerations and the coordinated development between the urban agglomerations to construct the coordinated developmental urban system and further boost the coordinated development of the total regions.