During 2005—2016, the total volume of import and export trade between China and South Asian countries has increased rapidly, and South Asian countries gradually become the important trade partner of China. The products which China exports to South Asian countries are not largely changed in structure and are mostly technical, capital intensive processing products, and the products which China imports are largely changed and tend to be multiple and rational. The trade competitiveness between China and Srilanka, Maldives and Pakistan is weaker, their complementarity is stronger while the trade competitiveness and comlementarity between China and India are stronger. The trade relation network density between China and four South Asian countries tends to rise, the relation between import and export and trade complementary relation tend to be concentrated towards fewer countries, and trade competitive relation tends to disperse. As a whole, the trade complementarity between China and South Asian countries is bigger than trade competitiveness, and the cooperative potential between each country is big, however, during 2012-2016, the growth of commodity trade between China and South Asian countries comes to a standstill, therefore, China should optimize trade product structure, expand trade field, increase industrial interaction, and create trade condition so as to boost the sustainable high-quality development of commodity trade between China and South Asian countries.