Outward Foreign Direct Investment not only promotes global value chain level of mother country but also directly affects the production scale and structure of global value chain of the mother country. The analysis based on the global data of input and output shows that Outward Foreign Direct Investment significantly boosts the expansion of production scale of China’s global value chain, among which the boosting effect on simple global value chain production scale is biggest and is not conducive to the deepening of the production structure of global value chain, that Outward Foreign Direct Investment is unhelpful to the connotation-style optimization of production industry structure of China’s global value chain in short-term but is helpful to later optimization, and that Outward Foreign Direct Investment is conducive to the extension-style optimization of production industry structure of China’s global value chain in short-term but in long-term this effect tends to weakening. China should strengthen the policy guide for the enterprises, optimize industrial structure and regional layout for Outward Foreign Direct Investment, promote the production capacity of complex global value chain and holistic technical level, realize structural optimization while the expanding production scale of global value chain, furthermore counter-boost the upgrading of holistic industrial structure so as to promote China’s global value chain position.