By using the survey data of 14 recorded national-level poor villages in Gansu Province, this paper analyzes the influence and interaction of individual human capital and family endowment on rural labor employment choice and rural family poverty, and the results show that the increase of human capital and family endowment is conducive to the promotion of rural labor employment level and the decrease of rural family poverty incidence, that the impact of human capital and family endowment on self entrepreneurship is complementarily correlated and their impact on part time work, non-agricultural work and rural family poverty has substitution relation, that the influence of human capital, family endowment and employment choice on rural family poverty is complementarily correlated, that the poverty reduction effect by the increase of family endowment is stronger than by the increase of individual human capital, and that the poverty reduction effect of self entrepreneurship is bigger than part time work but the effect of part time work is bigger than non-agricultural work. Thus, the promotion of rural labor employment level not only needs the coordination of individual human capital level but also demands the support by family endowment, and the poverty reduction performance can be effectively promoted by the interactive support and coordination of rural labor employment level and human capital and family endowment.