| 摘要: |
| 在城乡差异较大、劳动力机会成本较高背景下，农业劳动力非农转移将持续存在；而在传统农业生产方式下，非农转移导致的劳动力短缺及其成本上升必然引发农业生产中的要素替代。基于2004—2015年我国粮食主要种植省份的面板数据，对农业劳动力非农转移引致的农业生产要素替代问题及其影响进行研究，并分析农业劳动力转移与化肥施用过量之间的内在联系，研究表明：目前我国三大粮食生产中的化肥施用量均已超过了经济意义上的最优施用量，存在“经济过量”问题；由于劳动力成本增长远高于化肥价格增长，劳动力非农转移是导致农民化肥施用过量的重要原因，农业劳动力转移与化肥施用之间存在要素替代关系。因此，只有转变农业生产经营方式和优化农业生产经营主体，才能从根本上解决农业劳动力转移导致的化肥过量施用和农业生产要素低效配置问题。 |
| 关键词: 化肥施用量 经济过量 农业劳动力转移 化肥过量施用 农业生产要素配置 要素替代 粮食生产 劳动力机会成本 |
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| Does Agricultural Labor Migration Have Substitution Relation with Fertilizer Use? —Experience and Evidence from China’s Main Provinces and Municipalities Planting Crops |
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LUAN Jiang
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Tianjin Administrative College, Tianjin Communist Party College, Tianjin 300191, China
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| Abstract: |
| Under the background of big difference between urban and rural areas and high cost of labor opportunity, agricultural labor transfer to non-agriculture continuously exists, however, under the traditional agricultural production mode, the labor transfer causes labor shortage and labor cost rise and finally triggers factor substitution in agricultural production. By using inter-provincial panel data from main provinces and municipalities planting crops during 2004—2015, this paper studies the effects of factor substitution caused by agricultural labor shifting and its influence, and analyzes the internal relation between agricultural labor transfer and fertilizer overuse. The results show that currently in three main grains production in China, the use of fertilizers is over the optimal quantity in economic meaning, there is the problem in “economic excessiveness”. Because the labor cost growth is far higher than the growth of fertilizer price, the labor transfer is the important reason for the farmers to overuse fertilizers, as a result, there is factor substitution relation between agricultural labor transfer and fertilizer use. Thus, only by transforming agricultural production and management mode and by optimizing agricultural production and management main body, can the excessive use of fertilizers caused by agricultural labor transfer and low allocation of agricultural production factors be basically solved. |
| Key words: using quantity of fertilizers economic excessiveness agricultural labor transfer fertilizer overusing agricultural production factor allocation factor substitution grain production labor opportunity cost |
