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| 中国何以未能向近代工商业社会自发转型？——市场发展的“地理条件假说”及中国与西欧的比较 |
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赵 峰1，许平中21,2
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1．对外经济贸易大学 公共管理学院，北京 100029;2．河南大学 经济学院，开封 475001
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| 摘要: |
| 近代西欧的兴起和中国的落伍，其基础性原因在于地理条件对发展商品市场的激励不同。欧洲兴起的根本原因在于“市场扩张”，“市场扩张”的原因则可以追溯到地理条件引起的“产品差异大”和“水路运费低”，进而形成了对农林牧渔基本产品进行交换的激励，经济人本性使人们致力于发展商品市场，于是市场经济发展起来。中国的地理条件导致地区之间的“产品差异小”和“陆路运费高”，进而激励农林牧渔基本产品的“产品自用”，经济人本性使人们调整产品结构以满足自身需求，于是商品市场长期处于狭小或萎缩状态。 |
| 关键词: 地理条件假说 产品差异 水路运输 市场发展条件 基本产品交换 产品差额 交易费用 运输费用 经营利润 社会转型 |
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| Why Did China not Let Modern Industry and Business Society Spontaneous Transition?— “Geographic Condition Hypothesis” on Market Development andComparative Study between China and Western European |
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ZHAO Feng1, XU Ping-zhong21,2
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1. Public Administration School, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China;2. Economics School, Henan University, Henan Kaifeng 475001, China
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| Abstract: |
| The rise of western Europe and the lagging behind of China in modern times are caused by different incentives basically resulting from geographic condition to commodity market development. The basic reason for the rise of Europe lies in market expansion, the reason for market expansion results from big product difference and low waterway transportation cost based on geographic condition, so as to further form the incentive to the exchange of the basic products of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing industry, therefore, economic man nature makes the people make efforts to develop commodity market so that market-oriented economy develops. China’s geographic condition results in small product difference and high highway transportation cost between regions to further encourage the self-use of Chinese basic products of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing industry, therefore, economic man nature makes Chinese people adjust product structure to meet the self-demand so that Chinese commodity market stays at narrow or shrinking state for a long time. |
| Key words: geographical condition hypothesis product difference waterway transportation market development condition basic product exchange product balance transaction cost transportation cost management profit social transition |
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