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| 居民可承受能力与居民用水定价——国外水价管制的实践、经验与启示 |
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朱彩飞1
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中国科学院 科技政策与管理科学研究所，北京
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| 摘要: |
| 居民生活用水和污水处理的水价问题是关系民生的重大课题，近年来随着水价的上涨在国内引起了较大争论。供水和污水处理行业作为典型的公共部门和自然垄断部门，其定价不能放任由市场来解决，必须实行严格的价格管制。国外尤其是发达国家在居民水价制定中对居民可承受能力普遍给予了高度关注，建立了水价管制的专门机构，并通过居民家庭中位数收入、收入分组等确定居民水价的可承受能力标准，对居民水价进行合理的管制，取得了较好效果。我国居民水价改革中，要重视居民可承受能力问题，也要考虑社会资本的合理回报，更要加大政府对供水和污水处理设施建设的投入；要根据居民的收入分布和收入差距进行分组划分，对居民水费负担进行客观的评估，并实现居民用水成本和价格的信息透明。 |
| 关键词: 居民水价 水价管制 居民可承受能力 水费负担 水务价格 水价上涨 居民水价改革 居民生活用水 污水处理 |
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| Chinese Residents’ Affordability and Water Price—Practice，Experience and Enlightenment from International Water Price Regulation |
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ZHU Cai-fei
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| Abstract: |
| Residents’ water price，including price on water supply and waster treatment，is an important issue on people's livelihood，which has aroused great debate in China in recent years. The industry for water supply and water treatment is a typical public department and a natural monopoly department，as a result，water pricing should not be decided by the market but must be strictly managed by price regulation. In most concerned foreign countries，especially the developed countries，the residents’ affordability has gained widely attention in residents’ water price formulation，specific agencies for water price management are set up，suitable water price affordability criteria are determined by residents’ household median income，income grouping and so on to rationally manage residents’ water price，which obtains good result. In water price reform of Chinese residents，Chinese Government should emphasize Chinese residents’ affordability on water price，should also consider reasonable return of social capital，should attach importance to the governmental investment in water supply and sewage treatment facilities construction，should reasonably classify the residents according to residents’ income distribution and income gap， should objectively evaluate the residents’ water expense burden and should realize information transparency about the residents’ water cost and water price. |
| Key words: residents’ water price water price regulation residents’ affordability water expense burden water service price water price surge residents’ water price reform residents’ water for livelihood sewage treatment |
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