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| 市场经济条件下农业支持政策的实质
——兼论我国“工业反哺农业”的方式选择 |
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陈纪平1
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重庆工商大学 经济贸易学院
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| 摘要: |
| 农业支持政策在发达国家有着很长的历史，而且和工业支持政策保持基本相同的变动规律，属于国际贸易保护主义的基本手段。“工业反哺农业”是中国城乡统筹战略选择下的特有经济范畴，其实质是提高农业人口的收入水平，缩小城乡差距。我国的土地产出贡献率基本上达到了目前技术允许的极限，单纯依靠进一步发展农业提高农村居民收入水平、缩小城乡差距并不是一条有效途径；现代农业补贴政策的大部分功能在于保障粮食安全，并且受我国现实经济发展水平及财力的制约，也不能作为“工业反哺农业”的主要方式；因此，我国“工业反哺农业”的主要方式应是加快农业劳动力的非农化转移。 |
| 关键词: 农业支持政策 工业反哺农业 农业哺育工业 城乡差距 城乡统筹 农业劳动力转移 城乡劳动力市场 |
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| The Essence of Agriculture-supporting Policies Based on Market Economy Situation—Mode Selection for China’s “Industrial Regurgitating Agriculture” |
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CHEN Ji-ping
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| Abstract: |
| The policies for supporting agriculture have a long history in developed countries, keep basically the same changing law as the policies for supporting industry and belong to the basic method of international trade protectionism. “Industrial regurgitating agriculture” is a special economic category under China’s overall urban and rural development strategy and its essence is to promote the income level of agricultural population and to narrow the income gap between urban and rural inhabitants. The contribution rate of China’s land output basically reaches the limit of current technologies permitting, as a result, to raise income level of rural inhabitants and to shrink the income gap between urban and rural areas only by depending on developing agriculture are not an effective path. The main function of modern agricultural subsidy policy aims to guarantee grain safety but is restricted by China’s present economic development level and financial power and can not be taken as the main method of “industrial regurgitating agriculture”. Thus, the chief way for “industrial regurgitating agriculture” is to accelerate the transfer of agricultural labors to non-agricultural sectors. |
| Key words: policies for supporting agriculture industrial regurgitating agriculture agricultural supporting industry gap between urban and rural areas overall urban and rural development agricultural labor transfer urban and rural labor market |
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