At present, China’s food and drug safety falls into market failure and government failure, social governance becomes the inevitable choice of correcting this double failure. However, in the current Chinese socially, economically environment, there are many factors that hinder the participation of social forces. From the perspective of government, the “path dependence” of the almighty government greatly hinders the participation of social force; in term of the subjects of social participation, they lack enough ability, incentive and guarantee mechanism. Therefore government should improve and innovate institutional environment that be helpful social forces to participate in and construct social governance structure, improving food and drug safety governance performance.