By selecting such four regional factors as GDP， total amount of import and export， convenient transportation index and average price of city new houses of each province and municipality in Yangtze River economic belt， this paper builds index system to evaluate their location advantage， and combines efficacy coefficient method and entropy value method to obtain their comprehensive evaluation results. The results show that Chongqing’s location advantage locates at the fourth place in the belt and takes the first place in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. By selecting such seven relative indexes as railway business mileage density， road density， inland river density， total passenger amount， total passenger turnover， freight volume and freight turnover to construct the index system for evaluating the transportation network advantage， the principal component analysis method is used to quantitatively analyze their transportation network advantage in the belt， and the results reveal that the transportation advantage of Chongqing stays at the seventh place in the belt but takes the first place in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River， and that Chongqing has the comparative advantage of the transportation. Based on above conclusion about the comparative advantage， the strategic position of Chongqing’s location and transportation in the whole belt is determined.