Based on panel data of maize production in 20 provinces of China from 2002 to 2015， the regional differences and influencing factors of total factor productivity （TFP） of maize were measured and analyzed. The research shows that the growth rate of Chinas maize TFP presents an inverted “U” shape. The growth rate of TFP in the northern area， the HuangHuaiHai region and the southwest area is decreasing in turn. And government policies， technological progress and income structure have significantly positive effects on the growth of maize TFP in China while the disaster rate， human capital and urbanization have significantly negative effects. Finally， according to the regional difference and the influence mechanism， the corresponding countermeasures are put forward to improve the maize TFP.