The Greek scientific spirit was included in the traditions of rational criticism and debates, and the free academic spirit beyond any material interest. This kind of scientific spirit had a profound influence on later generations, and was able to inherit and develop during the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages inheriting and developing the Greek scientific spirit can be seen as the necessary condition for the birth of modern science. The great translation movement, the universities, the theologiannatural philosophers’ organizations, and the challenges from the nominalists not only can be seen as inheriting and developing the Greek scientific spirit, but also can be seen as institutional assurance and mental exercise of the Greek scientific spirit.